{
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-22T04:35:00Z",
  "source": "GrokFeed",
  "items": [
    {
      "id": "web-starship-status-20261022",
      "title": "星舰最新进度：第 15 飞 11 月尝试两级同时塔臂捕获，明年初复飞飞船、试在轨加注。",
      "titleEn": "Starship Flight 15 to try a double tower catch in November",
      "summary": "综合 SpaceX 三季度财报和电话会、NASASpaceflight 报道：第 14 飞（9 月 28 日，B21/S41）是星舰首次入轨，部署 26 颗 Starlink V3，两级都在海上溅落、未回收。第 15 飞由 Booster 22 和 Ship 42 执行，SpaceX 说预计 11 月，NSF 报道的非官方最早日期为 11 月 8 日，将首次尝试用发射塔同时接住助推器和飞船。硬件上，B22 发动机已装齐，等待运往 2 号工位静态点火；S42 拆下发动机后 10 月 9 日完成第三次低温验证，还要重装发动机并静态点火。许可方面，SpaceX 预计 FAA 的第 15 飞许可会包含两级返场和塔捕获，但目前尚未发布。电话会上 SpaceX 还给出：明年初复飞二级、明年初尝试在轨加注，2027 年上半年每周一飞。第 16 飞预计用 B23/S43，目标 12 月，可能首次从佛罗里达 39A 发射，尚未官方确认。",
      "summaryEn": "Based on SpaceX's Q3 results and call plus NASASpaceflight reporting: Flight 14 (Sept 28, B21/S41) was Starship's first orbital flight and deployed 26 Starlink V3 satellites; both stages splashed down at sea and were not recovered. Flight 15 will use Booster 22 and Ship 42; SpaceX says it is expected in November, NSF reports an unofficial NET of November 8, and it will make the first attempt to catch both booster and ship with the tower. Hardware: B22 has all engines installed and awaits a static fire at Pad 2; S42 had its engines removed, completed a third cryo proof on October 9, and still needs engines reinstalled and a static fire. Licensing: SpaceX expects the FAA's Flight 15 license to include return to launch site and tower catch for both stages, but it has not been issued yet. On the call SpaceX also said the second stage should refly and an on-orbit refueling attempt should happen early next year, with weekly flights in H1 2027. Flight 16 is expected to use B23/S43 in December, possibly the first launch from Florida's Pad 39A; not officially confirmed.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-22T04:30:00Z",
      "source": "SpaceX / NASASpaceflight",
      "sourceEn": "SpaceX / NASASpaceflight",
      "url": "https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2026/10/spacex-flight-15-16-milestones/",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/reuse-starship-v2.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "NASA/Don Pettit (ISS)",
      "imageCreditEn": "NASA/Don Pettit (ISS)"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-starlink15-15-scrub2-20261022",
      "title": "星链 15-15 再次取消：范登堡天气不佳，猎鹰 9 号改在 23 日清晨再试，B1063 第 36 飞继续等待。",
      "titleEn": "Starlink 15-15 scrubbed again for weather; Falcon 9 now targets Oct 22 at 21:45 UTC",
      "summary": "据 Spaceflight Now、SpaceX 任务页与 Launch Library 2：原定北京时间 22 日清晨从范登堡 SLC-4E 发射 27 颗星链 V2 Mini 卫星的猎鹰 9 号，倒计时中起飞时刻多次后调，随后在 T-40 分钟因发射场天气暂停并宣布当天取消。这是继 20 日疑似技术问题后的第二次取消。新窗口在北京时间 23 日 5:45 开启，Launch Library 2 记为 6:40。一级助推器 B1063 将第 36 次飞行，分离后降落在太平洋上的“当然我仍爱你”号回收船；成功的话它将成为第二枚飞满 36 次的猎鹰助推器。同日，火箭实验室的电子号「We're Not Hawking Around」也在 21 日窗口开启后因遥测数据异常取消，现改为不早于 23 日 15:00 从新西兰发射 3 颗 HawkEye 360 卫星。发射时间以官方通报为准。",
      "summaryEn": "According to Spaceflight Now, SpaceX's mission page and Launch Library 2, the Falcon 9 set to launch 27 Starlink V2 Mini satellites from SLC-4E at Vandenberg on October 21 (UTC) moved its liftoff time several times, then held at T-40 minutes for launch-site weather and was scrubbed for the day. It is the second scrub after an apparent technical issue on October 20. The new window opens at 21:45 UTC on October 22, with Launch Library 2 listing 22:40 UTC. First stage B1063 will make its 36th flight and land on the droneship Of Course I Still Love You in the Pacific; if successful it will become the second Falcon booster to reach 36 flights. Separately, Rocket Lab's Electron mission 'We're Not Hawking Around' was scrubbed on October 21 shortly after its window opened due to out-of-family telemetry data, and is now set for no earlier than 07:00 UTC on October 23 to carry three HawkEye 360 satellites from New Zealand. Launch times are subject to official announcements.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-21T23:29:00Z",
      "source": "Spaceflight Now / SpaceX / Rocket Lab / Launch Library 2",
      "sourceEn": "Spaceflight Now / SpaceX / Rocket Lab / Launch Library 2",
      "url": "https://spaceflightnow.com/launch/falcon-9-starlink-15-15/",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-4c8d37d3b89e877e.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "SpaceX",
      "imageCreditEn": "SpaceX"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-china-reuse-cargo-roundup-20261022",
      "title": "中国商业航天新进展：长十乙回收助推器准备首次复飞，长十二甲第二飞再试一级回收。",
      "titleEn": "China readies first booster reflight; Long March 12A retries stage landing",
      "summary": "据 NASASpaceflight 10 月 21 日的中国航天综述：7 月 10 日在海上用“领航者”号回收船网系成功回收的长征十号乙一级，正在天津翻修，预计将成为中国第一枚复飞的入轨级助推器。海南商业航天发射场新建的 3 号、4 号工位本月进行最后检查，其中一座预计年底前由长征十号乙完成首次发射，这次首发很可能就用这枚飞过的一级，但官方尚未确认。长征十二号甲第二飞不早于 11 月 3 日从酒泉发射，将再次尝试陆上回收一级；去年 12 月首飞入轨成功，但着陆时三台发动机中有一台没能再次点火，一级在距目标约 5 公里处坠毁。如果成功，它将是继朱雀三号和长征十号乙之后，中国第三种实现一级回收的火箭。货运方面，中科院微小卫星创新研究院的擎舟货运飞船第二艘正在总装，计划不早于 2027 年 1 月由力箭二号发射，最多为天宫空间站送去 1800 公斤物资；成都飞机设计研究所的昊龙可重复使用货运航天飞机近日发布了发射服务招标。星座方面，国网低轨星座 10 月 9 日长征十二号发射后在轨已达 222 颗，正在试运行；千帆计划年底前在国内开通服务。具体日期以官方通报为准。",
      "summaryEn": "According to NASASpaceflight's China roundup of October 21: the Long March 10B first stage, recovered at sea on July 10 by the net system aboard the recovery ship Linghangzhe, is being refurbished in Tianjin and is expected to become China's first reflown orbital-class booster. New Pads 3 and 4 at the Hainan Commercial Spacecraft Launch Site are in final checkouts this month, and one is expected to host its first launch, a Long March 10B, before year-end, likely using that flown first stage, though this has not been officially confirmed. The second Long March 12A is set for no earlier than November 3 from Jiuquan and will again try to land its first stage on land; its debut last December reached orbit, but one of three engines failed to restart for landing and the stage crashed about 5 km from its target. Success would make it China's third rocket type to recover a first stage, after Zhuque-3 and Long March 10B. On cargo, a second Qingzhou spacecraft from the Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is being assembled for launch no earlier than January 2027 on Kinetica-2, carrying up to 1,800 kg to the Tiangong space station, while AVIC Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute recently issued a launch tender for its reusable Haolong cargo spaceplane. On constellations, Guowang reached 222 satellites after the October 9 Long March 12 launch and is in service trials, and Qianfan plans to start service in China by year-end. Dates are subject to official announcements.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-22T04:15:00Z",
      "source": "NASASpaceflight",
      "sourceEn": "NASASpaceflight",
      "url": "https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2026/10/china-roundup-102026/",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-8fd506aed1fac5e7.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "中国航天科技集团",
      "imageCreditEn": "CASC"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-go-slate-oct22-1215",
      "title": "一周发射看点：星链 15-15 明晨第三次尝试，电子号明天下午再发，国内长六甲、长四乙、长八甲接连登场。",
      "titleEn": "Launch week: Starlink 15-15 tries a third time, Electron retries, three Long Marches due",
      "summary": "据 SpaceX、Launch Library 2、Spaceflight Now 与 NASASpaceflight（北京时间）：过去一天全球没有完成入轨发射。范登堡的星链 15-15 在 22 日清晨因发射场天气再次取消，新窗口在 23 日 5:45 开启，Launch Library 2 记为 6:40、状态 Go，一级 B1063 将第 36 次飞行。火箭实验室电子号「We're Not Hawking Around」21 日因遥测数据异常取消，现改为不早于 23 日 15:00 从新西兰发射 3 颗 HawkEye 360 卫星。国内：太原长征六号甲约 23 日 18:15，酒泉长征四号乙约 24 日 3:25，长征八号甲约 25 日 9:50 从海南商业航天发射场一号工位起飞，三次任务载荷均未官宣。长征十二号甲第二飞据 NASASpaceflight 报道不早于 11 月 3 日，将再试一级回收。其余班次：星链 15-16 推迟到 26 日 13:00，15-18 推迟到 29 日 12:17；Vulcan 亚马逊 Leo（LV-01）暂列 29 日，印度 GSLV 导航卫星 NVS-03 和 SSLV 在月底前后，日期均未定。非发射节点：欧空局 22 日 20:00 召开理事会后发布会；美国联邦航空管理局 23 日 6:00 就蓝色起源新格伦卡角增发环评草案举行公众会；NASA 24 日 2:00 更新阿尔忒弥斯计划，NASA 21 日已在斯坦尼斯航天中心完成一次 500 秒的 RS-25 发动机试车。星舰：第 15 飞预计 11 月，非官方最早 11 月 8 日，联邦航空管理局许可尚未发布。发射时间以官方通报为准。",
      "summaryEn": "According to SpaceX, Launch Library 2, Spaceflight Now and NASASpaceflight (times in UTC): there were no orbital launches worldwide in the past day. Starlink 15-15 from Vandenberg was scrubbed again for launch-site weather on October 21; the new window opens at 21:45 on October 22, with Launch Library 2 listing 22:40 and Go status, and first stage B1063 will make its 36th flight. Rocket Lab's Electron mission \"We're Not Hawking Around\" was scrubbed on October 21 for out-of-family telemetry data and is now set for no earlier than 07:00 on October 23 from New Zealand with three HawkEye 360 satellites. In China: Long March 6A from Taiyuan around 10:15 on October 23, Long March 4B from Jiuquan around 19:25 on October 23, and Long March 8A around 01:50 on October 25 from Pad 1 of the Hainan Commercial Spacecraft Launch Site; none of the three payloads has been announced. The second Long March 12A is no earlier than November 3, per NASASpaceflight, and will try again to recover its first stage. Other flights: Starlink 15-16 has slipped to 05:00 on October 26 and 15-18 to 04:17 on October 29; Vulcan's Amazon Leo (LV-01) is tentatively listed for the 29th, and India's GSLV with the NVS-03 navigation satellite and an SSLV flight are around the end of the month, dates not set. Non-launch events: ESA holds a press conference after its Council meeting at 12:00 on October 22; the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration holds a public meeting at 22:00 on October 22 on the draft environmental assessment for additional Blue Origin New Glenn launches from the Cape; NASA gives an Artemis program update at 18:00 on October 23, after completing a 500-second RS-25 engine test at Stennis Space Center on October 21. Starship: Flight 15 is expected in November, with an unofficial NET of November 8; the FAA license has not been issued yet. Launch times are subject to official announcements.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-22T04:15:00Z",
      "source": "SpaceX / Launch Library 2 / Spaceflight Now / NASASpaceflight",
      "sourceEn": "SpaceX / Launch Library 2 / Spaceflight Now / NASASpaceflight",
      "url": "https://www.spacex.com/launches/sl-15-15",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/web-starlink-1527-20260920.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "SpaceX",
      "imageCreditEn": "SpaceX"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-ceres1s-y8-success-20261021",
      "title": "谷神星一号海射型遥八发射成功：日照近海首次由陆上指挥大厅点火，西光肆号 01 星进入 541 公里轨道。",
      "titleEn": "Ceres-1S Y8 succeeds off Rizhao, placing Xiguang-4 01 in a 541 km orbit",
      "summary": "据星河动力航天消息（新京报报道），北京时间 21 日 11 时 39 分，谷神星一号海射型（遥八）运载火箭在山东附近海域发射，把西光肆号 01 星送入高度约 541 公里的近地轨道，任务圆满成功。火箭由海阳东方航天港总装出厂，搭乘“东方航天港”号发射船出海；按日照方面此前的介绍，这次首次启用山东海商发日照陆地指控中心，倒计时、点火指令和上升段监控都在陆上指挥大厅完成，海上平台只负责承载火箭起飞。这是谷神星一号海射型的第 7 次海上发射，自 2023 年 9 月首飞以来保持全部成功。星河动力表示，公司累计已完成 23 次入轨发射，服务 28 家卫星客户，送入轨道的商业卫星共 90 颗。据星河动力介绍，西光肆号 01 星由广东省天垣科技有限公司研制，是“五羊星座”的先导 A 星，也是全球首个低倾角遥感卫星星座的先导星，主要面向粤港澳大湾区、华南和低纬度海上丝绸之路沿线，服务台风与洪涝减灾、赤潮和海洋观测、农作物长势、城市群扩张监测等。为什么值得关注：陆上指挥、海上起飞的模式减轻了发射船的设备负担，有助于日照近海发射走向常态化。接下来看卫星在轨测试进展，以及五羊星座后续组网计划。",
      "summaryEn": "According to Galactic Energy (as reported by the Beijing News), the Ceres-1S Y8 rocket lifted off from waters off Shandong at 03:39 UTC on October 21 and placed the Xiguang-4 01 satellite into a low Earth orbit of about 541 km; the mission was a complete success. The rocket was assembled at the Haiyang Oriental Spaceport and went to sea aboard the launch ship Dongfang Hangtiangang. Per earlier briefings from Rizhao, the launch was the first to use the Shandong Haishangfa onshore control center in Rizhao: the countdown, ignition command and ascent monitoring were all handled from a control hall on land, with the sea platform only carrying the rocket for liftoff. It was the seventh sea launch of Ceres-1S, which has a perfect record since its first flight in September 2023. Galactic Energy said it has now completed 23 orbital launches, serving 28 satellite customers and placing 90 commercial satellites in orbit. According to Galactic Energy, Xiguang-4 01 was built by Guangdong Tianyuan Technology Co., Ltd. It is pathfinder satellite A of the Wuyang constellation and the pathfinder of what the company calls the world's first low-inclination remote sensing constellation. It is intended to serve the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, southern China and low-latitude regions along the Maritime Silk Road, supporting typhoon and flood disaster relief, red tide and ocean observation, crop monitoring and tracking urban expansion. Why it matters: commanding a sea launch from land lightens the equipment load on the launch ship and helps make launches off Rizhao routine. What to watch: the satellite's in-orbit testing and further plans for the Wuyang constellation.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-21T03:39:00Z",
      "source": "星河动力航天 / 新京报",
      "sourceEn": "Galactic Energy / The Beijing News",
      "url": "https://www.bjnews.com.cn/detail/1792555670129948.html",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-4bc9f21110c17782.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "星河动力",
      "imageCreditEn": "Galactic Energy"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-starlink15-15-scrub-20261021",
      "title": "星链 15-15 今晨临射取消：猎鹰 9 号改在 22 日 5:59 从范登堡再试，B1063 将第 36 次飞行。",
      "titleEn": "Starlink 15-15 scrubbed at Vandenberg; Falcon 9 retries Oct 21 at 21:59 UTC",
      "summary": "据 Spaceflight Now 与 Launch Library 2：原定北京时间 21 日 7:10:02 从范登堡太空军基地 SLC-4E 发射 27 颗星链卫星的猎鹰 9 号，倒计时中先把起飞时刻推迟到 8:06，随后在 7:03 前后宣布当天取消。Spaceflight Now 称这次看起来是遇到了发射窗口内无法解决的技术问题，SpaceX 没有公布具体原因。新的发射窗口在北京时间 22 日 5:59 开启，持续到 9:59，火箭起飞后向东南方向飞行。按 SpaceX 任务页面，一级助推器 B1063 将第 36 次飞行，此前执行过哨兵 6 号 Michael Freilich、DART 小行星撞击、Transporter-7、NROL-113 等任务和 26 批星链，分离后降落在太平洋上的“当然我仍爱你”号回收船；如果成功，它将成为第二枚飞满 36 次的猎鹰助推器。为什么值得关注：这是范登堡本周两批星链中的第一批，顺延一天会挤压后面 24 日 13:29 星链 15-16 的准备时间。接下来看 SpaceX 能否在新窗口内排除问题顺利起飞，以及 B1063 的回收结果。发射时间以 SpaceX 官方通报为准。",
      "summaryEn": "According to Spaceflight Now and Launch Library 2, the Falcon 9 set to launch 27 Starlink satellites from SLC-4E at Vandenberg Space Force Base at 23:10:02 UTC on October 20 first moved its liftoff time to 00:06 UTC during the countdown, then called off the attempt for the day at around 23:03 UTC. Spaceflight Now said it appeared to be a technical issue that could not be resolved within the launch window; SpaceX has not given a specific reason. The new launch window opens at 21:59 UTC on October 21 and runs until 01:59 UTC on October 22, with the rocket flying a southeasterly trajectory. Per SpaceX's mission page, first stage B1063 will make its 36th flight. It has previously flown Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, the DART asteroid impact mission, Transporter-7, NROL-113 and other missions plus 26 Starlink batches, and after separation it will land on the droneship Of Course I Still Love You in the Pacific. If successful, it will become the second Falcon booster to reach 36 flights. Why it matters: this is the first of two Starlink batches from Vandenberg this week, and the one-day slip tightens preparations for Starlink 15-16 at 05:29 UTC on October 24. What to watch: whether SpaceX clears the issue and lifts off in the new window, and the recovery of B1063. Launch times are subject to official SpaceX announcements.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-20T23:06:00Z",
      "source": "Spaceflight Now / SpaceX / Launch Library 2",
      "sourceEn": "Spaceflight Now / SpaceX / Launch Library 2",
      "url": "https://spaceflightnow.com/2026/10/20/live-coverage-spacex-to-launch-27-starlink-satellites-on-falcon-9-rocket-from-vandenberg-sfb-5/",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/web-starlink-1525-20260930.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "SpaceX",
      "imageCreditEn": "SpaceX"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-spacex-q3-earnings-20261021",
      "title": "SpaceX 三季度营收 146 亿美元：星舰下一飞定在 11 月，将首次尝试用发射塔同时接住助推器和飞船。",
      "titleEn": "SpaceX posts $14.6B Q3 revenue; next Starship flight in November to try a double catch",
      "summary": "SpaceX 北京时间 21 日 4:09 在投资者关系网站和 @SpaceX 公布 2026 年第三季度业绩，4:30 由马斯克、总裁肖特维尔和首席财务官约翰森主持电话会。主要数字：季度营收 146 亿美元，同比增长 161%；净利润 44 亿美元，去年同期亏损 11 亿美元。航天业务收入 17.7 亿美元，环比增长 84%，三季度共发射 35 次（客户任务 12 次、自用 23 次），今年前三季度累计 113 次、送入轨道 1517 吨；因为持续加大星舰研发投入，航天业务本季仍小亏 700 万美元。星链所在的连接业务收入 52.5 亿美元，同比增长 69%，消费者用户 1360 万、一个季度新增 160 万，月均收入每户 69 美元，已覆盖 174 个国家和地区，在轨卫星约 1.11 万颗，装机飞机超过 3800 架。星舰相关：财报确认第 14 飞是星舰首次入轨飞行，部署的 26 颗 Starlink V3 带来的下行容量约等于一次猎鹰 9 号星链发射的 10 倍。据 Spaceflight Now 报道，马斯克在电话会上说下一次星舰发射预计在 11 月，计划同时尝试用发射塔捕获超重型助推器和飞船，SpaceX 正为此申请美国联邦航空管理局批准；约翰森说今年底到 2027 年会大批部署 V3 卫星，每次星舰发射的下行容量将逐步提升到现役猎鹰 9 号的 20 倍以上，2027 年起还将用星舰发射第二代 Starlink Mobile 手机直连卫星。订单方面，本季新签 3 次 NASA 空间站载人任务、18 次美国国家安全发射任务、3 次商业 Starfall 返回舱任务，以及一份用星舰把载荷送上月面的合同；此前宣布的路易斯安那州新星舰基地目标 2029 年首次发射。季度结束后，SpaceX 还签约收购 800 MHz 频段执照，用于星链手机直连业务，预计 2027 年上半年完成。电话会里的星舰细节（据 SpaceX 财报与电话会实录）：肖特维尔说今年内要让两级都回到发射塔，明年初复飞二级，明年初尝试在轨加注，并预计 FAA 为第 15 飞发放的许可将包含两级返回发射场和塔臂捕获；马斯克称成功“可能性大于失败”，目标 2027 年上半年每周一飞、年底每周两次以上。本季资本开支 196 亿美元，主要投向算力、星舰基础设施和卫星生产；资金重点包括猛禽发动机和箭体产能、Mega Bay 建设，以及星舰基地和卡角的多座发射台。为什么重要：这是 SpaceX 首次在财报里把星舰定为能带来收入的运力，并把 11 月“双捕获”写进官方表态。接下来看联邦航空管理局的审批，以及助推器与飞船的静态点火进度。",
      "summaryEn": "SpaceX released its Q3 2026 results on its investor relations site and @SpaceX at 20:09 UTC on October 20, followed at 20:30 UTC by an earnings call with Elon Musk, President Gwynne Shotwell and CFO Bret Johnsen. Key figures: quarterly revenue of $14.6 billion, up 161% year over year, and net income of $4.4 billion versus a $1.1 billion loss a year earlier. The Space segment brought in $1.77 billion, up 84% from the prior quarter, from 35 launches in Q3 (12 for customers, 23 internal), for 113 launches and 1,517 t to orbit so far this year; with continued heavy Starship R&D spending, the segment posted a small $7 million operating loss. Connectivity, home to Starlink, earned $5.25 billion, up 69%, with 13.6 million consumer subscribers (1.6 million added in the quarter), $69 monthly revenue per user, coverage in 174 countries and territories, about 11,100 satellites in orbit and more than 3,800 aircraft equipped. On Starship: the report confirms Flight 14 as Starship's first orbital flight, with its 26 Starlink V3 satellites adding about 10 times the downlink capacity of a Falcon 9 Starlink launch. Spaceflight Now reported that Musk said on the call the next Starship launch is expected in November and will attempt to catch both the Super Heavy booster and the ship with the launch tower, for which SpaceX is seeking Federal Aviation Administration approval. Johnsen said V3 satellites will be deployed in meaningful volume through the end of this year and 2027, with each Starship launch ramping toward more than 20 times the downlink capacity of today's Falcon 9 launches, and that Starlink Mobile V2 direct-to-cell satellites will start flying on Starship in 2027. New business in the quarter included three more NASA ISS crew missions, 18 National Security Space Launch missions, three commercial Starfall return-capsule missions and a contract to deliver a payload to the lunar surface on Starship; the previously announced Starbase, Louisiana spaceport targets its first launch in 2029. After the quarter, SpaceX agreed to acquire 800 MHz spectrum licenses for Starlink's direct-to-cell service, expected to close in the first half of 2027. Starship details from the call (per SpaceX's release and call transcript): Shotwell said both stages should return to the tower this year, the second stage should refly by early next year, an on-orbit refueling attempt is planned early next year, and SpaceX expects the FAA's Flight 15 license to include return to launch site and tower catch for both stages; Musk put success at \"more likely than not\" and targets weekly flights in H1 2027 and twice weekly or more by year-end. Q3 capex was $19.6 billion, mainly for compute, Starship infrastructure and satellite production, with priorities including Raptor and vehicle production, Mega Bay construction and multiple pads at Starbase and the Cape. Why it matters: it is the first time SpaceX has presented Starship as revenue-generating capacity in its results, and the November double-catch attempt is now an official statement. What to watch: FAA approval and the static fires of the booster and ship.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-20T20:09:40Z",
      "source": "SpaceX 投资者关系 / Spaceflight Now",
      "sourceEn": "SpaceX Investor Relations / Spaceflight Now",
      "url": "https://ir.spacex.com/files/content_files/SpaceX-Reports-Third-Quarter-2026-Results.pdf",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-4fe2702568d05652.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "SpaceX",
      "imageCreditEn": "SpaceX"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-bandwagon5-launch-20261020",
      "title": "Bandwagon 5 发射成功：猎鹰 9 号北京时间 20 日 19:04 升空，B1085 第 19 次飞行后稳稳落上回收船，32 个载荷开始逐个部署。",
      "titleEn": "Falcon 9 launches Bandwagon 5; B1085 lands on its 19th flight",
      "summary": "SpaceX 在 @SpaceX 宣布：猎鹰 9 号于北京时间 10 月 20 日 19:04 从卡纳维拉尔角 SLC-40 起飞，执行 Bandwagon 5 中倾角拼车任务。发射窗口比此前公布的 18:30 晚了 34 分钟开启，起飞前 45 分钟 SpaceX 给出的天气适宜概率为 95%，最终按新时刻准点升空。一级 B1085 第 19 次飞行，19:13 前后确认降落在大西洋上的“重力短缺”号回收船。按 Spaceflight Now 此前的统计，这是这艘船的第 167 次接收，也是猎鹰系列助推器的第 672 次着陆。B1085 此前执行过 Crew-9、Fram2、蓝色幽灵 1 号月球着陆器、欧洲气象卫星 MTG-S1 等任务和 10 批星链。二级在起飞约 54 分钟后二次点火，20:01 SpaceX 宣布拼车载荷部署序列开始。按 SpaceX 公布的时间线，Portal Space Systems 的 260 公斤机动平台 Starburst-1 和 Varda 的 W-7 返回舱分别在起飞后约 63 分钟和 66 分钟分离，Exolaunch 代理的 20 个载荷（含 HawkEye 360 和 ICEYE 各 4 颗、Xona 的 6 颗低轨导航卫星）陆续释放；最后一个是 SpaceX 自家的 Starfall 返回舱，计划在起飞后 2 小时 48 分（约 21:52）部署。为什么重要：这次推迟一天就是为了等回收海区天气好转，结果一级顺利回收，说明 SpaceX 宁可顺延也不放弃复用的做法再次奏效。Starfall 是 SpaceX 第二次飞这款返回舱，直径 3.1 米、最多带回约 1 吨货物，它的再入与回收结果关系到 SpaceX 何时开始承接在轨制造和微重力实验的商业返回业务；Varda 的 W-7 则要测试微重力能否改善抗癌药物 PROTAC 的溶解性。后续进展：SpaceX 20 日 21:56 宣布载荷部署序列全部完成，排在最后的 Starfall 也已分离；Varda 21 日 5:25 确认 W-7 已进入近地轨道、各系统正常。接下来看 Starfall 和 W-7 的再入与回收，以及其余客户卫星的首次联络情况。各载荷状态以 SpaceX 和客户后续公告为准。",
      "summaryEn": "SpaceX announced on @SpaceX that Falcon 9 lifted off from SLC-40 at Cape Canaveral at 11:04 UTC on October 20 on the Bandwagon 5 mid-inclination rideshare mission. The launch window opened 34 minutes later than the previously announced 10:30 UTC, and 45 minutes before liftoff SpaceX put the weather at 95% favorable; the rocket lifted off right on the new time. First stage B1085, on its 19th flight, was confirmed to have landed on the droneship A Shortfall of Gravitas in the Atlantic at around 11:13 UTC. By Spaceflight Now's earlier count, this is the ship's 167th landing and the 672nd landing of a Falcon booster. B1085 previously flew missions including Crew-9, Fram2, the Blue Ghost 1 lunar lander and Europe's MTG-S1 weather satellite, plus 10 Starlink batches. The second stage reignited about 54 minutes after liftoff, and at 12:01 UTC SpaceX announced that the rideshare deployment sequence had started. Per SpaceX's published timeline, Portal Space Systems' 260 kg maneuverable platform Starburst-1 and Varda's W-7 capsule separate about 63 and 66 minutes after liftoff, followed by 20 payloads brokered by Exolaunch (including four each from HawkEye 360 and ICEYE and six LEO navigation satellites from Xona). Last to go is SpaceX's own Starfall return capsule, scheduled to deploy 2 hours 48 minutes after liftoff (around 13:52 UTC). Why it matters: the one-day delay was taken to wait for better weather in the recovery area, and the booster came back cleanly, another win for SpaceX's habit of slipping rather than giving up on reuse. This is the second flight of Starfall, a 3.1 m capsule that can bring back up to about 1 t of cargo; its reentry and recovery will help decide when SpaceX starts offering commercial return services for in-orbit manufacturing and microgravity research. Varda's W-7 will test whether microgravity improves the solubility of the cancer drug class PROTAC. Update: at 13:56 UTC on October 20 SpaceX announced that the payload deployment sequence was complete, including Starfall, the last item in the sequence; at 21:25 UTC Varda confirmed that W-7 is in low Earth orbit with all systems nominal. What to watch: the reentry and recovery of Starfall and W-7, and first-contact reports from the other customers' satellites. Payload status is subject to later announcements from SpaceX and its customers.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-20T12:01:50Z",
      "source": "SpaceX / Spaceflight Now",
      "sourceEn": "SpaceX / Spaceflight Now",
      "url": "https://x.com/SpaceX/status/2112502543947325773",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-469909f1f050f9b6.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "SpaceX",
      "imageCreditEn": "SpaceX"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-mmx-launch-success-20261020",
      "title": "日本 MMX 火卫一采样探测器成功发射：H3 火箭首次把探测器送上奔火轨道，2031 年有望带回首份火星卫星样品。",
      "titleEn": "Japan's MMX Phobos sample-return probe launches on H3, bound for Mars",
      "summary": "日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）宣布：H3 火箭十号机于北京时间 10 月 20 日 3:41:03 从种子岛宇宙中心吉信发射场第二工位起飞，火箭按计划飞行，起飞约 1 小时 11 分 13 秒后（约 4:52）确认火星卫星探测器 MMX 正常分离，并进入预定的火星转移轨道。首个发射日即一次成功，没有动用后面的备用发射期。这次怎么飞：MMX 发射质量约 4480 公斤，由往程、探测、返程三个模块组成，所以用上了 H3 最强的 H3-24L 构型（两台 LE-9 主发动机、四枚 SRB-3 固体助推器、长整流罩，全长约 63 米）。为榨出全部运力，一级发动机全程不节流；二级先点火约 5 分半钟把箭器送入停泊轨道，滑行约 53 分钟后二次点火，把探测器推离地球。二次点火到分离这一段不在日本地面站视野内，JAXA 首次在正式任务中借助 NASA 的跟踪与数据中继卫星（TDRS）实时回传火箭数据。为什么重要：其一是 H3 本身。2025 年 12 月八号机二级二次点火异常、准天顶卫星“引路”5 号未能入轨后，H3 在 2026 年 6 月（六号机，H3-30 构型首飞）和 8 月（九号机，送“引路”7 号）先后成功复飞，这次是复飞后的第三次连续成功，也是 H3 第一次执行行星际任务。深空任务恰恰要求二级长时间滑行后可靠地二次点火，这正是八号机出问题的环节，这次顺利完成，对 H3 的可靠性口碑和后续商业揽客都很关键。其二是窗口。地球与火星大约每 26 个月才有一次省燃料的转移窗口，错过本轮就要等到 2028 年底；首日成功让 2027 年抵达、2031 年返回的整套时间表不受影响。其三是科学。MMX 计划在火卫一表面着陆两次、采集至少 10 克样品，回答火星两颗卫星究竟是被火星引力俘获的小行星，还是大撞击把火星物质抛上轨道后重新聚合而成。按计划，这将是人类首次从火星系统带回样品；中国国家航天局公布的天问三号火星采样返回任务也瞄准 2031 年前后返回，届时火卫一与火星表面的样品可能先后抵达地球，两相对照，能把火星及其卫星的起源放进同一套实验室数据里检验。接下来看：JAXA 新闻稿目前只确认分离入轨，探测器首次接收信号、太阳电池翼展开和姿态建立等初始状态，以后续公告为准。之后约 10 个月巡航，2027 年 8 月前后点火进入火星轨道，再转入火卫一附近的“准卫星轨道”伴飞观测，释放德法联合研制的 IDEFIX 漫游车，最早 2028 年 12 月着陆采样；按 JAXA 规划，2030 年度离开火星，2031 年度返回舱在澳大利亚回收（日本财年）。",
      "summaryEn": "JAXA announced that H3 Flight No. 10 lifted off from Launch Pad 2 of the Yoshinobu Launch Complex at the Tanegashima Space Center at 19:41:03 UTC on October 19. The rocket flew as planned, and about 1 hour 11 minutes 13 seconds after liftoff (around 20:52 UTC) separation of the Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) spacecraft was confirmed, with MMX placed into its planned Mars transfer orbit. It succeeded on the very first launch day, with no need for the backup launch period. How it flew: MMX has a launch mass of about 4,480 kg and is made up of three modules for the outbound journey, exploration and the return journey, so it used H3's most powerful configuration, the H3-24L (two LE-9 main engines, four SRB-3 solid rocket boosters and a long fairing, about 63 m tall). To extract every bit of performance, the first-stage engines were not throttled at any point. The second stage first burned for about five and a half minutes to reach a parking orbit, coasted for about 53 minutes, then reignited to push the probe away from Earth. The stretch from the second burn to separation is out of view of Japanese ground stations, so for the first time on an operational mission JAXA relayed rocket data in real time through NASA's Tracking and Data Relay Satellites (TDRS). Why it matters: First, for H3 itself. After Flight No. 8's second stage malfunctioned on its second burn in December 2025 and the QZSS satellite Michibiki No. 5 failed to reach orbit, H3 returned to flight successfully in June 2026 (Flight No. 6, the first H3-30) and in August (Flight No. 9, carrying Michibiki No. 7). This is the third straight success since the return to flight and H3's first interplanetary mission. Deep-space missions depend on a reliable second-stage reignition after a long coast, exactly where Flight No. 8 went wrong, so getting it right this time matters a great deal for H3's reputation for reliability and for winning commercial customers. Second, the window. Low-energy transfer windows between Earth and Mars come only about every 26 months, and missing this one would have meant waiting until late 2028; succeeding on day one keeps the whole schedule of arriving in 2027 and returning in 2031 intact. Third, the science. MMX plans to land on Phobos twice and collect at least 10 grams of samples to answer whether Mars's two moons are asteroids captured by Mars's gravity or material blasted into orbit by a giant impact that later reassembled. If all goes to plan, it will be the first sample ever returned from the Martian system. The China National Space Administration's Tianwen-3 Mars sample-return mission also aims to return around 2031, so samples from Phobos and from the Martian surface could reach Earth in quick succession; comparing them would let scientists test the origins of Mars and its moons with a single set of laboratory data. What to watch: JAXA's press release so far confirms only separation and orbit injection; the probe's initial status, such as first signal acquisition, solar array deployment and attitude establishment, awaits further announcements. After roughly 10 months of cruise, MMX is due to fire its engine to enter Mars orbit around August 2027, then move into a 'quasi-satellite orbit' to fly alongside and observe Phobos, release the Franco-German IDEFIX rover, and land to collect samples as early as December 2028. Under JAXA's plan it will leave Mars in fiscal 2030, with the return capsule recovered in Australia in fiscal 2031 (Japanese fiscal years).",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-19T23:01:31Z",
      "source": "日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）/ NASASpaceflight",
      "sourceEn": "JAXA / NASASpaceflight",
      "url": "https://global.jaxa.jp/press/2026/10/20261020-1_e.html",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-3fc6f3f87b2110b5.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "日本宇宙航空研究开发机构",
      "imageCreditEn": "JAXA"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-ussf481-launch-20261016",
      "title": "猎鹰 9 号执行 USSF-481 机密任务：北京时间 16 日 8:01 自范登堡升空，B1081 第 28 次飞行后成功降落回收船。",
      "titleEn": "Falcon 9 flies classified USSF-481; booster B1081 lands after its 28th flight",
      "summary": "SpaceX 确认，猎鹰 9 号于北京时间 10 月 16 日 8 时 01 分（世界时 00:01:05）自范登堡太空军基地 SLC-4E 升空，为美国太空军执行 USSF-481 任务。窗口原定 7:44 开启，加注前 SpaceX 称各系统良好、天气适宜，最终在 8:01 起飞。一子级 B1081 随后降落在太平洋上的“当然我仍爱你”号回收船，这是它的第 28 次飞行，此前执行过 Crew-7 载人任务、CRS-29、PACE、EarthCARE、NROL-186、NROL-48、USSF-153 等任务和 16 次星链发射。同一枚助推器既送过宇航员、又反复承担国家安全发射，说明美国军方对复用助推器的接受已经常态化。任务载荷未公开。据 Spaceflight Now，公开航行通告中该任务代号为“TH-2”，是继 9 月 16 日 USSF-259（TH-1）之后一个月内的第二次同类发射；火箭向南飞行，航区通告显示目标约为倾角 80 度的低地球轨道。Launch Library 2 根据残骸落区与太空发展局传输层发射相近，推测载荷可能是基于 SpaceX 星盾平台的一批低轨卫星，但美国太空军尚未确认。按惯例，SpaceX 对机密任务的上面级后续不作直播，载荷入轨情况以美国太空军公告为准。这是 10 月 13 日以来猎鹰 9 号的第三次发射，下一班是卡纳维拉尔角的 Bandwagon 5 拼车任务，已因回收海区天气推迟到 20 日 18:30。",
      "summaryEn": "SpaceX confirmed that Falcon 9 lifted off from Space Launch Complex 4E (SLC-4E) at Vandenberg Space Force Base at 00:01:05 UTC on October 16, flying the USSF-481 mission for the U.S. Space Force. The window was originally set to open at 23:44 UTC on the 15th; before propellant loading SpaceX said all systems and weather were go, and the rocket ultimately lifted off at 00:01 UTC. First stage B1081 then landed on the droneship Of Course I Still Love You in the Pacific. It was the booster's 28th flight; it had previously flown the crewed Crew-7 mission, CRS-29, PACE, EarthCARE, NROL-186, NROL-48, USSF-153 and 16 Starlink launches. The same booster has carried astronauts and repeatedly flown national security launches, showing that the U.S. military now routinely accepts reused boosters. The payload was not disclosed. According to Spaceflight Now, public navigational warnings identified the mission as 'TH-2', the second launch of its kind within a month after USSF-259 (TH-1) on September 16. The rocket flew south, and hazard-area notices pointed to a low Earth orbit inclined about 80 degrees. Based on debris zones similar to those of Space Development Agency Transport Layer launches, Launch Library 2 speculates the payload may be a batch of LEO satellites built on SpaceX's Starshield platform, but the U.S. Space Force has not confirmed this. As is customary for classified missions, SpaceX did not stream the upper stage after separation; the U.S. Space Force's announcements are authoritative on whether the payload reached orbit. This was Falcon 9's third launch since October 13. The next is the Bandwagon 5 rideshare from Cape Canaveral, delayed to 10:30 UTC on the 20th because of weather in the recovery area.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-16T00:12:39Z",
      "source": "SpaceX / Spaceflight Now / Launch Library 2",
      "sourceEn": "SpaceX / Spaceflight Now / Launch Library 2",
      "url": "https://www.spacex.com/launches/ussf481",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-fdb7cca54252d2a8.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "SpaceX",
      "imageCreditEn": "SpaceX"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-zhuque2e-y4-success-20261014",
      "title": "朱雀二号改进型遥四发射成功：北京时间 14 日晚 19:40 自东风商业航天创新试验区升空，一箭十星将国星宇航星时代与光传试验星送入预定轨道。",
      "titleEn": "Zhuque-2E Y4 succeeds, placing 10 satellites into orbit",
      "summary": "据新华社、中国新闻网与蓝箭航天通报，北京时间 10 月 14 日 19 时 40 分，朱雀二号改进型遥四运载火箭在酒泉东风商业航天创新试验区蓝箭航天液氧甲烷发射工位点火升空，将国星宇航星时代-39、44～50 星及光传-03、04 星共 10 颗卫星顺利送入预定轨道，飞行试验任务取得圆满成功。本次任务是朱雀二号系列运载火箭第 10 次飞行，也是朱雀二号改进型今年第 4 次发射；搭载的星时代卫星主要开展高性能计算与星间/星地高速激光通信等技术验证，光传-03、04 星则面向组网激光数传关键能力在轨验证。",
      "summaryEn": "According to Xinhua, China News Service and LandSpace, at 11:40 UTC on October 14 the Zhuque-2E Y4 rocket lifted off from LandSpace's methalox launch pad in the Dongfeng Commercial Aerospace Innovation Pilot Zone at Jiuquan and placed ten satellites - ADA Space's Star Era-39 and 44-50 and the Guangchuan-03 and 04 satellites - into their planned orbits; the flight test was a complete success. It was the 10th flight of the Zhuque-2 family and the 4th Zhuque-2E launch this year. The Star Era satellites will mainly demonstrate high-performance computing and high-speed inter-satellite and satellite-to-ground laser communications, while Guangchuan-03 and 04 will verify key in-orbit capabilities for networked laser data transmission.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-14T11:40:00Z",
      "source": "新华社 / 中国新闻网 / 蓝箭航天",
      "sourceEn": "Xinhua / China News Service / LandSpace",
      "url": "https://www.chinanews.com.cn/gn/2026/10-14/10714627.shtml",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-768efe2ea06b3229.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "蓝箭航天",
      "imageCreditEn": "LandSpace"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-bandwagon5-scrub-20261019",
      "title": "Bandwagon 5 因回收海区天气推迟一天：改为北京时间 20 日 18:30 起飞，发射场天气适宜概率升至 90%。",
      "titleEn": "Bandwagon 5 slips a day for recovery-area weather; now Oct 20, 10:30 UTC",
      "summary": "SpaceX 于北京时间 19 日 15:27 在官网和 @SpaceX 宣布，因一级助推器回收海区天气不佳，猎鹰 9 号 Bandwagon 5 中倾角拼车任务改为最早 20 日发射，窗口仍是 18:30 开启、持续 1 小时，从卡纳维拉尔角 SLC-40 向东南方向飞行。如有需要，21 日同一时段还有一次备用机会。据 Spaceflight Now 援引第 45 气象中队最新预报，冷锋继续向佛罗里达南部移动，起飞时的强风减弱，积云规则的威胁也明显下降，发射场天气适宜概率从周一的 55% 升到 90%；回收区天气不达标的风险仍为中等，但比周一好。一级 B1085 将第 19 次飞行，此前执行过 Crew-9、Fram2、蓝色幽灵 1 号月球着陆器、欧洲气象卫星 MTG-S1 和 10 批星链，起飞约九分钟后降落大西洋上的“重力短缺”号回收船；若成功，这将是这艘船的第 167 次接收、猎鹰系列助推器的第 672 次着陆。箭上 32 个载荷：SpaceX 自家 Starfall 返回舱第二次演示，按联邦航空管理局环评，它直径 3.1 米、自重约 2.1 吨、最多带回 1 吨货物，6 月首飞时 SpaceX 几乎没有提前披露；Varda 的 W-7 返回舱虽然编号为 7，却是这家公司发射的第 9 个返回舱，W-8、W-9 本月初刚搭 Transporter-18 上天，这次要测试微重力能否改善抗癌药物 PROTAC 的溶解性；Portal Space Systems 的 Starburst-1 是 260 公斤的机动平台演示星，客户任务计划 2027 年开始；另有 Exolaunch 代理的 20 个载荷，包括 HawkEye 360 和 ICEYE 各 4 颗、Xona 的 6 颗低轨导航卫星。为什么宁可推迟：发射场天气其实在可接受边缘，真正卡住的是海上。SpaceX 的成本账建立在每次都把助推器收回来上，一枚飞过 18 次的 B1085 价值远高于一天的等待成本，所以海况不行时通常选择顺延，而不是改成一次性使用。拼车任务客户多、载荷已封装，推迟一天对客户影响有限。接下来看：20 日 18:30 能否按时起飞、B1085 是否顺利着陆，以及起飞约 2 小时 48 分后 Starfall 部署、再入和回收的结果，这决定 SpaceX 何时开始承接商业返回业务。",
      "summaryEn": "At 07:27 UTC on the 19th, SpaceX announced on its website and on @SpaceX that, because of poor weather in the booster recovery area, Falcon 9's Bandwagon 5 mid-inclination rideshare mission would launch no earlier than the 20th. The one-hour window still opens at 10:30 UTC, with the rocket flying southeast from SLC-40 at Cape Canaveral. If needed, there is a backup opportunity on the 21st in the same window. Spaceflight Now, citing the latest forecast from the 45th Weather Squadron, reports that the cold front continues moving into South Florida; strong winds at liftoff are easing and the threat from the cumulus cloud rule has dropped markedly, raising the odds of favorable launch-site weather from Monday's 55% to 90%. The risk of unacceptable weather in the recovery area remains moderate but better than on Monday. First stage B1085 will make its 19th flight; it previously flew Crew-9, Fram2, the Blue Ghost 1 lunar lander, Europe's MTG-S1 weather satellite and 10 Starlink batches. About nine minutes after liftoff it will land on the droneship A Shortfall of Gravitas in the Atlantic; if successful, it will be the ship's 167th landing and the 672nd landing of a Falcon booster. The rocket carries 32 payloads: SpaceX's own Starfall return capsule on its second demonstration - per the Federal Aviation Administration's environmental assessment it is 3.1 m in diameter, weighs about 2.1 t and can bring back up to 1 t of cargo; SpaceX disclosed almost nothing in advance of its first flight in June. Varda's W-7 capsule, despite its number, is the company's 9th capsule launched (W-8 and W-9 flew on Transporter-18 earlier this month); it will test whether microgravity improves the solubility of the cancer drug class PROTAC. Portal Space Systems' Starburst-1 is a 260 kg maneuverable platform demonstrator, with customer missions planned from 2027. Another 20 payloads are brokered by Exolaunch, including four each from HawkEye 360 and ICEYE and six LEO navigation satellites from Xona. Why delay: the launch-site weather was actually at the edge of acceptable; the real constraint was at sea. SpaceX's cost model rests on recovering the booster every time, and a B1085 that has flown 18 times is worth far more than a day's wait, so when sea conditions are poor it usually slips rather than expend the booster. Rideshare missions have many customers with payloads already encapsulated, so a one-day delay has limited impact on them. What to watch: whether it lifts off on time at 10:30 UTC on the 20th, whether B1085 lands successfully, and the results of Starfall's deployment about 2 hours 48 minutes after liftoff, its reentry and recovery - which will determine when SpaceX starts taking on commercial return business.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-19T07:27:33Z",
      "source": "SpaceX / Spaceflight Now / 第 45 气象中队",
      "sourceEn": "SpaceX / Spaceflight Now / 45th Weather Squadron",
      "url": "https://www.spacex.com/launches/bandwagon5",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-b1214725851f3056.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "SpaceX",
      "imageCreditEn": "SpaceX"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-starship-f15-f16-milestones-20261018",
      "title": "星舰第 15 飞瞄准 11 月 8 日并首次尝试“双捕获”，第 16 飞计划 12 月首次从佛罗里达 39A 工位起飞。",
      "titleEn": "Starship Flight 15 targets Nov 8 with first 'double catch'; Flight 16 eyes Pad 39A",
      "summary": "据 NASASpaceflight 18 日报道及马斯克近期采访：星舰第 15 飞最新的最早日期仍是 11 月 8 日，马斯克说目标是未来四到六周内、感恩节前发射，并确认 SpaceX 将同时尝试用发射塔捕获超重型助推器和飞船。如果成功，这将是星舰第一次把两级都完整收回来，也是之后让回收的飞船复飞的前提。硬件进度：Booster 22 发动机已全部装好，正等待运往 2 号工位做发射前静态点火，NSF 消息称几天内就可能转运，道路封闭通知会是第一个公开信号。Ship 42 原本准备去 Massey 测试场静态点火，却先拆下了发动机，改为再做一次低温验证。马斯克此前把第 14 飞上一台真空猛禽提前关机归因于这台发动机计算机的软件问题，称其他发动机没有出现；NSF 推测，拆发动机更可能与飞船内部改装需要重新做低温验证有关，SpaceX 尚未说明原因。按计划，两级都要先完成静态点火，11 月 8 日才守得住。第 16 飞：NSF 判断将由 Booster 23 和 Ship 43 执行，目标 12 月，并有望成为星舰首次从肯尼迪航天中心 39A 工位发射。Booster 23 已于 16 日在 Massey 完成约 12 小时的低温测试，18 日运回 1 号巨型厂房安装发动机；两级要分别用驳船“You'll Thank Me Later”沿香蕉河运到肯尼迪，再在 39A 做加注测试和静态点火。39A 的星舰设施还有大量首次启用的工作，年底前能否赶上有不确定性。为什么值得关注：按这个节奏，星舰今年只飞五次，主要原因是 Block 2 向 Block 3 过渡。真正决定明年能飞多密的是基础设施：星舰基地 1 号工位正按 2 号工位标准翻修，卡角 37 号工位将新增两座，联邦航空管理局已启动程序性环评，第一阶段拟把星舰基地年发射上限从 25 次提到 100 次并取消夜间发射限制，第二阶段最多 456 次、着陆 912 次，第一阶段预计至少一年后才可能落地。接下来看 Booster 22 转运 2 号工位和静态点火、Ship 42 是否重装发动机，以及 SpaceX 何时公布正式日期。",
      "summaryEn": "According to NASASpaceflight's report on the 18th and Elon Musk's recent interviews, the latest no-earlier-than date for Starship Flight 15 is still November 8. Musk said the goal is to launch within the next four to six weeks, before Thanksgiving, and confirmed SpaceX will attempt to catch both the Super Heavy booster and the ship with the launch tower. If successful, it would be the first time Starship recovers both stages intact, and a prerequisite for later reflying a recovered ship. Hardware status: Booster 22 has all its engines installed and is waiting to roll to Pad 2 for a pre-launch static fire; NSF says the move could come within days, and a road closure notice will be the first public signal. Ship 42 had been set to go to the Massey test site for a static fire, but instead had its engines removed for another cryogenic proof test. Musk previously blamed the early shutdown of a Raptor Vacuum engine on Flight 14 on a software issue in that engine's computer, saying no other engines were affected; NSF speculates the engine removal is more likely tied to internal ship modifications that require a new cryo test. SpaceX has not explained why. Both stages need to complete static fires to hold the November 8 date. Flight 16: NSF expects it to be flown by Booster 23 and Ship 43, targeting December, and possibly Starship's first launch from Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center. Booster 23 completed about 12 hours of cryogenic testing at Massey on the 16th and returned to Mega Bay 1 on the 18th for engine installation. Both stages will be carried by the barge 'You'll Thank Me Later' along the Banana River to Kennedy, then undergo propellant loading tests and static fires at 39A. Much of 39A's Starship infrastructure is still being activated for the first time, so it is uncertain whether it can be ready by year-end. Why it matters: at this pace Starship will fly only five times this year, mainly because of the transition from Block 2 to Block 3. What really determines how often it can fly next year is infrastructure: Starbase Pad 1 is being rebuilt to Pad 2 standards, two more pads are being added at the Cape's SLC-37, and the Federal Aviation Administration has begun a programmatic environmental assessment. Phase 1 would raise Starbase's annual launch cap from 25 to 100 and lift the nighttime launch restriction; Phase 2 would allow up to 456 launches and 912 landings. Phase 1 is expected to take at least a year to come into effect. What to watch: Booster 22's rollout to Pad 2 and static fire, whether Ship 42 gets its engines back, and when SpaceX announces an official date.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-18T16:31:00Z",
      "source": "NASASpaceflight / SpaceX / 联邦航空管理局",
      "sourceEn": "NASASpaceflight / SpaceX / Federal Aviation Administration",
      "url": "https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2026/10/spacex-flight-15-16-milestones/",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/web-starship-f14-orbit-20260928.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "SpaceX",
      "imageCreditEn": "SpaceX"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-guowang-polar-comms-20261019",
      "title": "国产卫星互联网首次打通北极、南极与青藏高原联网通信：“极地”号完成北极航线准业务化测试，极区实测速率约 30Mbps。",
      "titleEn": "Chinese satellite internet links Arctic, Antarctica and Tibet for the first time",
      "summary": "据新华社 19 日电与环球时报报道，正在执行中国第 16 次北冰洋考察的“极地”号已完成国产卫星互联网北极航线准业务化应用测试，本航次首次实现北极、南极、青藏高原三地联网：“极地”号、南极秦岭站、西藏拉萨与自然资源部北海局之间视频连线，语音和画面清晰流畅。整个航次经国产卫星累计收发文件 300 余份、数据量超过 100GB、视频会商 40 余次；还首次借助国产卫星宽带，为突发不适的队员与青岛医院专家开展船岸远程会诊；国产漂流浮标的观测数据也首次全程经国产卫星回传，不再依赖国际卫星。据中国航天报与国家海洋信息中心披露，测试依托中国星网 GW 星座，极区最高上下行速率约 30Mbps，视频时延不超过 1 秒；8 月 3 日，位于北纬 86° 的“雪龙”号与南纬 75° 的秦岭站完成跨南北极视频通话，创下国产系统高纬度通信纪录。为什么重要：极区长期是通信盲区。静止轨道通信卫星在高纬度仰角太低，基本用不上，过去科考船主要租用铱星、海事卫星等国外系统，费用高、带宽小，数据还要出境。低轨星座要覆盖两极，必须有足够高倾角的卫星在轨；GW 星座规划倾角覆盖 30° 到 85°，能在北纬 86° 稳定通话，说明已入轨的高倾角卫星开始形成可用的极区覆盖。30Mbps 量级足以支撑视频会商和大文件传输，“准业务化”则意味着从一次性演示走向常态使用。接下来看什么：按规划，GW 星座共 12992 颗卫星，2029 年底前部署约 1300 颗，2035 年全部完成。今年长征十二号、长征八号甲等火箭在海南商业航天发射场高频发射低轨组网卫星，10 月 10 日刚送走第 27 组；下周长征八号甲在海南的任务载荷尚未官宣，值得留意是否继续组网。应用层面，下一步是从科考船扩展到北极航道商船、应急救援和远洋渔业等常态场景，终端国产化和资费会决定能走多快。",
      "summaryEn": "According to a Xinhua report on the 19th and the Global Times, the research vessel Jidi, now on China's 16th Arctic Ocean expedition, has completed pre-operational testing of Chinese satellite internet on the Arctic route, and on this voyage linked the Arctic, Antarctica and the Tibetan Plateau for the first time: a video call connected Jidi, the Qinling Station in Antarctica, Lhasa in Tibet and the North China Sea Bureau of the Ministry of Natural Resources, with clear, smooth audio and video. Over the voyage, more than 300 files and over 100 GB of data were sent and received via Chinese satellites, with more than 40 video conferences. Chinese satellite broadband also enabled the first ship-to-shore remote consultation between a team member who fell ill and hospital specialists in Qingdao, and data from Chinese drifting buoys was relayed entirely via Chinese satellites for the first time, no longer relying on foreign satellites. According to China Space News and the National Marine Data and Information Service, the tests used China SatNet's GW constellation, with peak uplink/downlink speeds in polar regions of about 30 Mbps and video latency under 1 second. On August 3, the icebreaker Xuelong at 86°N and the Qinling Station at 75°S held a trans-polar video call, setting a high-latitude communications record for a Chinese system. Why it matters: the polar regions have long been communications blind spots. Geostationary communications satellites sit too low on the horizon at high latitudes to be of much use, so research ships mainly leased foreign systems such as Iridium and Inmarsat, which are expensive, low-bandwidth and send data abroad. To cover the poles, a LEO constellation needs enough high-inclination satellites in orbit; the GW constellation plans inclinations from 30° to 85°, and stable calls at 86°N show that the high-inclination satellites already in orbit are starting to provide usable polar coverage. Speeds of around 30 Mbps are enough for video conferencing and large file transfers, and 'pre-operational' means moving from one-off demonstrations to routine use. What to watch: the GW constellation is planned at 12,992 satellites, with about 1,300 deployed by the end of 2029 and full deployment by 2035. This year Long March 12, Long March 8A and other rockets have launched LEO constellation satellites frequently from the Hainan Commercial Spacecraft Launch Site, with the 27th group launched just on October 10; the payload of next week's Long March 8A mission from Hainan has not been announced, so watch whether it continues the deployment. On the application side, the next step is extending from research ships to routine uses such as merchant ships on Arctic routes, emergency rescue and distant-water fishing; domestic terminals and pricing will decide how fast that goes.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-19T02:32:00Z",
      "source": "新华社 / 环球时报 / 中国航天报 / 国家海洋信息中心",
      "sourceEn": "Xinhua / Global Times / China Space News / National Marine Data and Information Service",
      "url": "https://www.chinanews.com.cn/gn/2026/10-19/10717026.shtml",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-8ab5e5f130a7c884.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "国家海洋信息中心",
      "imageCreditEn": "National Marine Data and Information Service"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-kosmos2612-iceye-rpo-20261018",
      "title": "俄罗斯“宇宙 2612”卫星贴近 ICEYE 雷达卫星：两星一度可能只差数百米，研究者称或为首例未经同意的低轨在役卫星交会。",
      "titleEn": "Russia's Kosmos 2612 shadows an ICEYE radar satellite, possibly within hundreds of meters",
      "summary": "据 Axios 17 日援引空间态势公司 LeoLabs 的说法及 SpacePolicyOnline 18 日汇总：俄罗斯军用卫星宇宙 2612 号（2026 年 4 月 16 日自普列谢茨克发射，同批共 6 颗）从 9 月 30 日起连续变轨，进入芬兰 ICEYE 公司在美国注册的 X36 合成孔径雷达卫星所在轨道面，并把高度、周期调到与之同步。LeoLabs 称这“看起来是一次蓄意接近”，16 日两星相距约 5 公里。荷兰卫星观测者 Marco Langbroek 根据 18 日的公开轨道根数推算，最近一次接近可能出现在北京时间 18 日 9:35 前后，距离也许只有数百米甚至更近，宇宙 2612 号随后做了小幅机动，两星开始拉开。目前没有迹象显示 ICEYE X36 被撞或轨道受扰；美国国防部和 ICEYE 均未置评，也没有任何政府公开表态。为什么值得关注：低轨卫星改变轨道面非常耗燃料，但一旦进入同一轨道面，再贴近目标就很省燃料。这类交会可以用于在轨服务或清理碎片，也可能是反卫星能力的演练。ICEYE 的雷达影像能穿透云层、昼夜成像，报道称被乌克兰用于情报支援。今年 5 月同批俄卫星中有五颗做过类似变轨，宇宙 2609 号在 5 月 26 日接近到 2.5 公里，但都没有停留；这一次是跟到同一轨道面并保持数公里内伴飞。天体物理学家 Jonathan McDowell 认为，如果确认，这将是首次在一方未同意的情况下两颗在役卫星于低轨完成交会，是俄罗斯“史无前例的一步”。巧合的是，ICEYE 还有 4 颗卫星将搭乘推迟到 20 日 18:30 的 Bandwagon 5 上天。接下来看什么：宇宙 2612 号轨道略高、运行稍慢，若不再机动，每天会与目标拉开约 20 公里，想再靠近就必须再次点火，后续公开轨道根数会给出答案。另要看美国太空司令部、芬兰或其他盟国是否公开表态，以及 ICEYE 是否通报卫星状态。公开轨道根数本身有约一公里量级的误差，以上距离均为估算。",
      "summaryEn": "According to Axios on the 17th, citing space-tracking company LeoLabs, and a SpacePolicyOnline roundup on the 18th: the Russian military satellite Kosmos 2612 (launched from Plesetsk on April 16, 2026, one of six in its batch) has maneuvered repeatedly since September 30 to enter the orbital plane of X36, a synthetic aperture radar satellite registered in the U.S. by Finland's ICEYE, and matched its altitude and period. LeoLabs said it 'appears to be a deliberate approach'; on the 16th the two were about 5 km apart. Dutch satellite observer Marco Langbroek estimated from public orbital elements on the 18th that the closest approach may have occurred around 01:35 UTC on the 18th, perhaps within a few hundred meters or closer, after which Kosmos 2612 made a small maneuver and the two began to separate. There is no sign that ICEYE X36 was hit or that its orbit was disturbed; the U.S. Department of Defense and ICEYE declined to comment, and no government has made a public statement. Why it matters: changing orbital planes in LEO costs a lot of fuel, but once in the same plane, closing in on a target is cheap. Such rendezvous can serve on-orbit servicing or debris removal, but can also rehearse anti-satellite capabilities. ICEYE's radar imagery sees through clouds day and night and has reportedly been used by Ukraine for intelligence support. In May, five satellites from the same Russian batch made similar maneuvers, with Kosmos 2609 coming within 2.5 km on May 26, but none lingered; this time the satellite followed into the same plane and is flying within a few kilometers. Astrophysicist Jonathan McDowell said that if confirmed, it would be the first rendezvous between two operational satellites in LEO without one side's consent - an 'unprecedented step' by Russia. Coincidentally, four more ICEYE satellites are due to fly on Bandwagon 5, delayed to 10:30 UTC on the 20th. What to watch: Kosmos 2612 is slightly higher and slower, so without further maneuvers it will drift about 20 km a day away from its target; to close in again it must fire its engine, and subsequent public orbital elements will tell. Also watch whether U.S. Space Command, Finland or other allies comment publicly, and whether ICEYE reports on its satellite's status. Public orbital elements carry errors on the order of a kilometer, so all distances above are estimates.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-18T21:25:00Z",
      "source": "Axios / LeoLabs / SpacePolicyOnline / SatTrackCam Leiden",
      "sourceEn": "Axios / LeoLabs / SpacePolicyOnline / SatTrackCam Leiden",
      "url": "https://www.axios.com/2026/10/17/russia-ukraine-satellite-space",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-eaf70f050b80a850.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "ICEYE",
      "imageCreditEn": "ICEYE"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-euclid-comet-c2026s1-20261019",
      "title": "欧空局“欧几里得”望远镜发现第一颗新彗星：C/2026 S1 在 13 亿公里外从太阳系“头顶”掠过，为彗星拦截者任务演练了一次发现到预警。",
      "titleEn": "ESA's Euclid discovers its first new comet, C/2026 S1",
      "summary": "欧空局北京时间 19 日 20:00 发布：“欧几里得”空间望远镜在 2026 年 9 月 16 日至 24 日拍摄的图像中发现了一颗此前未知的彗星，国际天文学联合会小行星中心 10 月 8 日确认，正式编号 C/2026 S1（Euclid）。这是“欧几里得”发现的第一颗新彗星，此前它只拍到过已知彗星。怎么发现的：赫尔辛基大学博士生 Mikko Pöntinen 为监测图像里的太阳系小天体编写了运动目标检测软件，软件在“欧几里得北深场”的多幅图像中标出一道拖影，他据此推算位置，在五组图像里都找到了它；进一步检查发现目标周围有一团模糊的彗发，说明它正在释放尘埃和气体。比对已知彗星和小行星目录没有匹配，随即上报小行星中心，地面天文台跟进观测后得到确认。这颗彗星目前距地球约 13 亿公里，大致相当于太阳到木星与土星轨道之间的距离，但它并不在行星所在的平面上，而是从太阳的角度看位于“正上方”，沿一条要几千年才能走完一圈的轨道越过太阳系。为什么难得：“欧几里得”的本职是给数十亿光年外的星系拍深场、绘制暗物质与暗能量的分布，刻意避开小行星和彗星密集的黄道带，以免尘埃散射光干扰；它采用“走一步、拍一张”的巡天方式，每片天区通常只拍一次，没法回头确认。这次是彗星轨道与扫描时间恰好重合，才在多幅图像里留下踪迹。更大的意义在后面：欧空局计划中的“彗星拦截者”任务要先在日地 L2 点附近待命，等到一颗刚从太阳系外缘进来、尚未被太阳“烤过”的原始彗星再出发拦截，因此需要在彗星离太阳还很远时就发现它。欧空局表示，C/2026 S1 本身不适合作为拦截目标，但这次从软件预警、上报到确认的流程，给两支任务团队今后的协同提供了真实演练。接下来看：地面跟踪会进一步收紧它的轨道参数，判断它何时过近日点以及是否来自奥尔特云。",
      "summaryEn": "ESA announced at 12:00 UTC on the 19th that the Euclid space telescope had discovered a previously unknown comet in images taken between September 16 and 24, 2026. The International Astronomical Union's Minor Planet Center confirmed it on October 8, and it is now designated C/2026 S1 (Euclid). It is the first new comet Euclid has discovered; until now it had only imaged known comets. How it was found: Mikko Pöntinen, a PhD student at the University of Helsinki, wrote moving-object detection software to monitor small Solar System bodies in Euclid's images. The software flagged a streak across several images of the Euclid Deep Field North; by predicting its position he found it in five image sets in total. Closer inspection revealed a fuzzy coma around it, showing it was shedding dust and gas. With no match in catalogues of known comets and asteroids, it was reported to the Minor Planet Center, and ground-based follow-up observations confirmed it. The comet is currently about 1.3 billion km from Earth, roughly the distance from the Sun to somewhere between the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn. But it does not lie in the plane of the planets: seen from the Sun it is \"straight up,\" arching over the Solar System on an orbit that takes thousands of years to complete. Why it is rare: Euclid's real job is deep imaging of galaxies billions of light-years away to map dark matter and dark energy, and it deliberately avoids the asteroid- and comet-rich band along the ecliptic to keep scattered dust light out of its images. Its step-and-stare survey usually visits each patch of sky only once, so it cannot go back to confirm an object. This time the comet's orbit and the scan timing happened to line up, leaving traces in several images. The bigger significance comes later: ESA's planned Comet Interceptor mission will wait near the Sun-Earth L2 point for a pristine comet entering from the outer Solar System, one not yet altered by the Sun, before setting off to intercept it, so such comets need to be found while still far from the Sun. ESA says C/2026 S1 itself is not a suitable interception target, but the process from software alert to reporting and confirmation gives the two mission teams a real test case for future coordination. What to watch: ground-based tracking will refine its orbit to show when it reaches perihelion and whether it comes from the Oort Cloud.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-19T12:00:00Z",
      "source": "欧空局",
      "sourceEn": "ESA",
      "url": "https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Euclid/Euclid_discovers_new_comet",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-e35a7cce1e4c7431.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA, M. Pöntinen et al. 2026（CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO）",
      "imageCreditEn": "ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA, M. Pöntinen et al. 2026 (CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-css-rice-2gen-20261018",
      "title": "中国空间站“太空水稻”完成新一批采集与播种：冲击全球首次在轨连续培养两代水稻，检验种子在太空会不会“一代不如一代”。",
      "titleEn": "Space station rice: crew harvests and sows again, aiming for two generations in orbit",
      "summary": "中国载人航天工程办公室 18 日发布消息，神舟二十三号乘组近期在轨完成了新一批水稻实验样品的采集、播种和存储，央视新闻同步播出了乘组用取样剪刀处理稻株的画面。这项实验全称是“空间水稻多代遗传稳定性与环境适应性调控的分子机理研究”。5 月随神舟二十三号上天的 24 粒稻种分装在 4 个培养单元、每单元 6 粒，其中 6 粒来自 2022 年在轨收获种子的后代，其余是从未上过天的普通种子。4 个单元分成两组：一组走有性繁殖，稻穗成熟后收种、再转入新培养盒种下一代；另一组走再生稻模式，割掉地上部分让根茬重新萌发。8 月初乘组已收获第一批样品。这次消息里同时出现“采集”和“播种”，与收获稻穗、再种下一代的设计步骤相吻合，但官方尚未明确是否已经进入第二代。为什么值得关注：2022 年神舟十四号乘组做成了国际首次在轨水稻“从种子到种子”，6 粒种子在轨约 120 天收获 59 粒，带回地面后能正常繁育，第三代已回到大田。但一代成功不代表能长期自给，官方点明的风险是代际退化，即种子在太空中“一代不如一代”。这次要在轨连续养两代，并比较祖先上过天的种子是否更能适应微重力，以及有性繁殖和再生稻哪种更适合太空，这是长期驻留减少对地面补给依赖、乃至未来深空探测中原位生产粮食必须先回答的问题。接下来看三点：第二代能否在轨抽穗结实；冻存在零下 80 摄氏度的茎叶样品何时随乘组返回地面，做分子层面分析；以及“太空菜园”已完成的 14 种植物 20 余个品种试验，能否从试验走向空间站内的规模化种植。乘组同期还与陪伴机器人“小航”做了触碰交互测试，并完成医疗救护训练与全系统压力应急演练。",
      "summaryEn": "The China Manned Space Agency announced on the 18th that the Shenzhou-23 crew recently completed a new round of collecting, sowing and storing rice samples in orbit, and CCTV News aired footage of the crew trimming rice plants with sampling scissors. The experiment's full name is 'Molecular mechanisms of multi-generational genetic stability and environmental adaptation regulation in space rice'. The 24 rice seeds that flew with Shenzhou-23 in May were split across 4 culture units of 6 seeds each; 6 seeds descend from seeds harvested in orbit in 2022, and the rest are ordinary seeds that have never been to space. The 4 units form two groups: one uses sexual reproduction, harvesting seeds when the panicles mature and planting the next generation in a new culture box; the other uses ratoon rice, cutting the above-ground parts so the stubble re-sprouts. The crew harvested the first batch of samples in early August. This announcement mentions both 'collecting' and 'sowing', consistent with the design steps of harvesting panicles and planting the next generation, but officials have not said whether the second generation has begun. Why it matters: in 2022 the Shenzhou-14 crew achieved the world's first 'seed-to-seed' rice cycle in orbit - 6 seeds yielded 59 after about 120 days in orbit, and back on Earth they reproduced normally, with the third generation now back in the field. But one successful generation does not mean long-term self-sufficiency; the risk officials highlight is generational degradation, seeds growing 'worse with each generation' in space. This time the goal is to grow two consecutive generations in orbit, compare whether seeds with space-flown ancestors adapt better to microgravity, and see whether sexual reproduction or ratoon rice suits space better - questions that must be answered before long-duration stays can reduce dependence on resupply from Earth, or before food can be produced in situ on future deep-space missions. Three things to watch: whether the second generation heads and sets seed in orbit; when stem and leaf samples frozen at minus 80°C return to Earth with the crew for molecular analysis; and whether the 'space garden', which has tested more than 20 varieties of 14 plant species, can move from experiments to larger-scale cultivation on the station. The crew also ran touch-interaction tests with the companion robot 'Xiaohang', and completed medical rescue training and a full-system pressure emergency drill.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-18T02:29:00Z",
      "source": "中国载人航天工程办公室 / 北京日报 / 央视新闻",
      "sourceEn": "China Manned Space Agency / Beijing Daily / CCTV News",
      "url": "https://xinwen.bjd.com.cn/content/s6ad44ef9e4b0e42f8f01b6b1.html",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-c60ac6e3b7df7734.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "中国载人航天工程办公室",
      "imageCreditEn": "China Manned Space Agency"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-weiguang-huaguang1-preburner-20261018",
      "title": "民营火箭发动机再闯一关：微光启航“华光一号”全流量分级燃烧液氧甲烷发动机预燃室完成长程点火试验。",
      "titleEn": "WELIGHT's Huaguang-1 full-flow methalox engine completes long preburner test",
      "summary": "据科技日报 18 日报道，微光启航自主研制的“华光一号”全流量分级燃烧循环液氧甲烷发动机，其预燃室近日顺利完成长程点火试验。预燃室燃烧少量推进剂产生高温高压燃气，驱动涡轮泵给整台发动机供应高压推进剂，被称为发动机的“起搏器”。这次试验的意义：此前的短程点火只证明预燃室能点着、能短时燃烧；长程试验考的是持续烧得住、热环境扛得住、结构靠得住，这是组件从功能验证走向工程应用的关键一步。团队按喷注器液流试验、短程点火、长程验证的顺序推进，下一步是继续做组件研制与系统集成，目标是整机热试车。为什么难：全流量分级燃烧是目前效率最高的液体发动机循环之一，燃料和氧化剂全部先进各自的预燃室燃烧再进入主燃烧室，涡轮工作温度更低，有利于重复使用；代价是需要富氧和富燃两套预燃室、两套涡轮泵高效配合，设计和研制门槛很高。目前唯一大量飞行的同类发动机是 SpaceX 星舰使用的猛禽。放在行业里看：国内液氧甲烷发动机已有朱雀系列等型号上天，但多为燃气发生器循环；分级燃烧路线意味着更高性能，也意味着更长的研制周期。预燃室只是第一个关键组件，涡轮泵联试和整机热试车才是真正的检验，微光启航尚未公布整机试车与配套火箭的时间表。",
      "summaryEn": "According to Science and Technology Daily on the 18th, the preburner of Huaguang-1, a full-flow staged-combustion methalox engine developed in-house by WELIGHT, recently completed a long-duration firing test. The preburner burns a small amount of propellant to produce hot, high-pressure gas that drives the turbopumps feeding high-pressure propellant to the whole engine; it is called the engine's 'pacemaker'. Why this test matters: earlier short-duration firings only proved the preburner could ignite and burn briefly; a long-duration test checks that it keeps burning, withstands the thermal environment and stays structurally sound - the key step from functional verification to engineering application for a component. The team progressed from injector water-flow tests to short firings to long-duration validation; next comes further component development and system integration, aiming for a full-engine hot fire. Why it is hard: full-flow staged combustion is one of the most efficient liquid engine cycles; all fuel and oxidizer first burn in their own preburners before entering the main chamber, keeping turbine temperatures lower, which helps reusability. The price is that oxygen-rich and fuel-rich preburners and two turbopumps must work together efficiently, a very high design and development bar. The only engine of this type flying in quantity is Raptor on SpaceX's Starship. Industry context: China already has methalox engines in flight on the Zhuque family, but mostly gas-generator cycles; the staged-combustion route means higher performance but a longer development cycle. The preburner is only the first key component; turbopump integrated tests and full-engine hot fires are the real test, and WELIGHT has not announced a schedule for full-engine tests or a matching rocket.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-18T06:16:47Z",
      "source": "科技日报",
      "sourceEn": "Science and Technology Daily",
      "url": "https://www.stdaily.com/web/gdxw/2026-10/18/content_598228.html",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-6a702254e67bb46d.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "微光启航",
      "imageCreditEn": "WELIGHT"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-huosheng-ningbo-engine-line-20261017",
      "title": "火圣宇航全流量液氧甲烷发动机总装产线落户宁波：民营公司押注“猛禽式”路线，宁波商业航天基地多个子项目完成审批。",
      "titleEn": "Huosheng Aerospace brings a full-flow methalox engine assembly line to Ningbo",
      "summary": "据火圣宇航官方微信与财联社 17 日报道，火圣宇航与宁波海洋经济发展示范区 10 月 13 日在“2026 天下甬商家乡行”商业航天专场活动上签约，“火圣一号”200 吨级全流量分级燃烧循环液氧甲烷发动机项目落地，将建设发动机总装集成产线及配套设施，推动这种发动机从研发走向规模化生产。财联社同时注意到，浙江政务服务网投资项目审批平台显示，宁波商业航天产业基地的陆上产业区、海岛基础设施、连岛通道等子项目已办结审批备案；操盘方宁波商业航天开发有限公司今年 1 月成立，注册资本 10 亿元，由宁波开发投资集团与象保合作区投资开发公司各持股一半。宁波“十五五”规划纲要也明确提出建设濒海商业航天基地。发动机本身：火圣宇航 2024 年成立，总部在北京。据财联社，“火圣一号”第一代批产型号海平面推力 140 吨、比冲 315 秒、燃烧室压力 20 兆帕、单机约 1.5 吨；今年 5 月完成富氧预燃室缩比样机热试车，公司计划 2026 年底完成整机总装和全系统热试车，目标把发射成本压到每公斤 1 万元左右。为什么值得关注：全流量分级燃烧是目前公认难度最高的液体发动机循环，燃料和氧化剂各自进入预燃室驱动涡轮，效率高、涡轮温度低，适合多次重复使用；全球真正飞上天的只有 SpaceX 星舰的猛禽。昨天微光启航“华光一号”刚完成预燃室长程试验，加上火圣，国内已有至少两家民营公司走这条路线。另一层信号是地方政府的打法变了：宁波没有只盯发射场，而是先引进技术壁垒最高、在火箭成本里占比最大的发动机环节，再往火箭总装、发射、卫星应用和测控延伸，这和海南、山东海阳等地以发射场为起点的模式不同。冷静看待：目前火圣一号只完成了缩比预燃室试验，离全尺寸整机点火还有涡轮泵联试、整机热试车等多道关口，批产线建成的前提是发动机先定型。接下来看年底的整机热试车能否兑现，以及宁波基地何时动工、能否拿到发射场相关审批。",
      "summaryEn": "According to Huosheng Aerospace's official WeChat account and Cailian Press on the 17th, Huosheng Aerospace and the Ningbo Marine Economy Development Demonstration Zone signed an agreement on October 13 at a commercial space session of the '2026 Ningbo Merchants Homecoming' event. The project for Huosheng-1, a 200-tonne-class full-flow staged-combustion methalox engine, will build an engine final assembly and integration line with supporting facilities, moving the engine from R&D to volume production. Cailian Press also noted that Zhejiang's government services investment approval platform shows sub-projects of the Ningbo commercial space industrial base - the onshore industrial zone, island infrastructure and an island-link causeway - have completed approval and filing. The developer, Ningbo Commercial Aerospace Development Co., was founded in January with registered capital of 1 billion yuan, owned equally by Ningbo Development Investment Group and the Xiangbao Cooperation Zone's investment company. Ningbo's 15th Five-Year Plan outline also calls for building a coastal commercial space base. The engine itself: Huosheng Aerospace was founded in 2024 and is headquartered in Beijing. According to Cailian Press, the first production version of Huosheng-1 has 140 t of sea-level thrust, a specific impulse of 315 s, a chamber pressure of 20 MPa and weighs about 1.5 t; in May the company hot-fired a subscale oxygen-rich preburner prototype, and it plans to complete full-engine assembly and full-system hot fire by the end of 2026, aiming to cut launch costs to around 10,000 yuan per kilogram. Why it matters: full-flow staged combustion is widely seen as the hardest liquid engine cycle; fuel and oxidizer each drive turbines via their own preburners, giving high efficiency and low turbine temperatures suited to repeated reuse. The only one that has actually flown is Raptor on SpaceX's Starship. WELIGHT's Huaguang-1 just completed a long-duration preburner test yesterday; with Huosheng, at least two private Chinese companies are now pursuing this route. Another signal is the change in local government strategy: rather than focusing only on launch sites, Ningbo is first attracting the engine, the segment with the highest technical barrier and the largest share of rocket cost, before extending to rocket assembly, launch, satellite applications and TT&C - unlike Hainan or Haiyang in Shandong, which started from launch sites. A sober view: Huosheng-1 has so far only tested a subscale preburner; before a full-scale engine fires there are turbopump integrated tests and full-engine hot fires to pass, and building a production line presupposes a finalized engine design. What to watch: whether the year-end full-engine hot fire happens, and when construction of the Ningbo base starts and whether it obtains launch site approvals.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-17T09:04:00Z",
      "source": "火圣宇航 / 财联社 / 浙江政务服务网",
      "sourceEn": "Huosheng Aerospace / Cailian Press / Zhejiang Government Services",
      "url": "https://www.cls.cn/detail/2507463",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-5d84182fbfad2aec.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "美国国家航空航天局",
      "imageCreditEn": "NASA"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-fy4m-sounder-test-20261016",
      "title": "全球首颗静止轨道微波气象卫星关键载荷过关：风云四号微波星探测仪完成外场大气与月球观测试验，向“隔着云层盯台风”又近一步。",
      "titleEn": "Sounder for world's first geostationary microwave weather satellite passes key tests",
      "summary": "中国航天科技集团 16 日发布消息，八院 804 所近日完成风云四号微波星毫米波亚毫米波探测仪的外场大气和月球观测试验。试验借助该所新建的金属斗大气观测屏蔽系统，验证了探测仪全口径、全链路的探测能力，并通过绘制完整的月球微波辐射亮温图像，准确算出了各通道之间的波束指向配准精度。这颗卫星为什么特别：现役风云四号光学星靠可见光和红外观测，可见光夜里看不见，红外只能看到云顶；微波能穿透云雨，测出云层内部的三维温度和湿度。据中国气象局和八院介绍，微波数据早已是数值天气预报中贡献最大的观测来源，但过去只装在离地几百公里的极轨卫星上，同一地点一天只能扫过几次；搬到 3.6 万公里高的静止轨道，就能对台风、暴雨这类快速变化的天气系统连续盯看。国外做过预研但都没有进入工程研制，我国 2022 年 8 月工程立项，若顺利发射将是全球首颗。难点在哪：要在 3.6 万公里外分辨大气的温湿度，主天线口径达 5 米，还要在零下 130 摄氏度到 130 摄氏度的温差中把型面精度控制在百微米以内，大约一根头发丝粗细。这次用月球作为稳定的微波定标源，检验的正是各探测通道是否精确对准同一位置，这是卫星上天后在轨定标、保证数据精度的前提。接下来看什么：上海航天技术研究院 2024 年珠海航展时预计卫星 2026 年前后发射，中国气象局今年 4 月则把它列入“十五五”（2026 年至 2030 年）发射计划，具体发射时间尚未公布。上天后它将与风云四号光学星，以及风云三号上午星、下午星、晨昏星和降水测量卫星组网，补上全天候、高频次大气三维探测的空白。",
      "summaryEn": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) announced on the 16th that Institute 804 of the Eighth Academy recently completed outdoor atmospheric and lunar observation tests of the millimeter/submillimeter-wave sounder for the Fengyun-4 microwave satellite. Using the institute's newly built metal-bucket atmospheric observation shielding system, the test verified the sounder's full-aperture, full-chain detection capability, and by mapping a complete microwave brightness-temperature image of the Moon it precisely calculated the beam-pointing co-registration accuracy between channels. Why this satellite is special: the current Fengyun-4 optical satellites observe in visible and infrared light; visible light is useless at night and infrared sees only cloud tops. Microwaves penetrate cloud and rain to measure three-dimensional temperature and humidity inside clouds. According to the China Meteorological Administration and the Eighth Academy, microwave data has long been the largest contributor to numerical weather prediction, but until now it has flown only on polar-orbiting satellites a few hundred kilometers up, passing over any given spot only a few times a day; moving it to geostationary orbit 36,000 km up allows continuous monitoring of fast-changing systems like typhoons and rainstorms. Other countries have done preliminary studies but none entered engineering development; China approved the project in August 2022, and if launched successfully it will be the world's first. The difficulty: resolving atmospheric temperature and humidity from 36,000 km requires a 5 m main antenna whose surface accuracy must stay within about 100 microns - roughly the width of a hair - across temperatures from minus 130°C to 130°C. Using the Moon as a stable microwave calibration source tests whether all channels point precisely at the same location, a prerequisite for on-orbit calibration and accurate data after launch. What to watch: at the 2024 Zhuhai Airshow the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology expected a launch around 2026, while in April the China Meteorological Administration included it in the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030) launch schedule; no launch date has been announced. Once in orbit it will network with the Fengyun-4 optical satellites and the Fengyun-3 morning, afternoon, dawn-dusk and precipitation measurement satellites, filling the gap in all-weather, high-frequency 3D atmospheric sounding.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-16T02:00:00Z",
      "source": "中国航天科技集团 / 中国气象局 / 上海航天技术研究院",
      "sourceEn": "CASC / China Meteorological Administration / Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology",
      "url": "https://www.spacechina.com/n25/n2014789/n2014809/c4731601/content.html",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-a22b6ef66eb5ffec.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "中国航天科技集团",
      "imageCreditEn": "CASC"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-geovis-space-compute-co-20261015",
      "title": "中科星图联合曙光、海光等 16 家发起太空算力星座公司：注册资本 15 亿元落户合肥，安徽地方国资出资过半。",
      "titleEn": "Geovis and 15 partners form a 1.5-billion-yuan space computing constellation company",
      "summary": "中科星图 15 日晚在上交所发布公告，拟与中科曙光、海光信息、中科卫星、星图测控等共 16 家主体在合肥发起设立新公司，注册资本 15 亿元，业务是设计、制造和运营太空算力星座，建设天基信息基础设施，并提供天基计算与智能应用服务。出资结构上，中科星图认缴 2 亿元、控股子公司星图测控 0.5 亿元，合计持股约 16.67%；中科曙光、海光信息各认缴 0.7 亿元；合肥产投太空计算基金认缴 2.4 亿元，是单一最大股东，合肥与安徽省的八只国资基金合计认缴约 9.4 亿元，占六成以上。公告同时说明，新公司尚未设立，还要办理工商登记，相关业务也需国家主管部门审批。为什么值得关注：过去几年的在轨计算多是单颗或小批量试验星，这次是芯片（海光）、服务器与液冷（曙光、曙光数创）、遥感与测控（中科星图）几方第一次合起来成立专门的星座公司，目标是把国产算力硬件做成能上天、能组网的产品。地方国资占大头，说明合肥把它当作招商落地的产业项目，而不只是科研合作。14 日朱雀二号改进型遥四送入轨道的国星宇航星时代卫星同样以在轨计算为主要任务，这个方向正在形成多家并跑。公告也写明了风险：核心技术尚未经过大规模在轨工程验证，商业模式有待市场检验，基础设施投入大、周期长。接下来值得看三件事：工商登记与主管部门审批何时完成，首批试验星选用哪型火箭、何时发射，以及它与已在轨的计算星座如何分工或竞争。",
      "summaryEn": "In an announcement on the Shanghai Stock Exchange on the evening of the 15th, Geovis said it plans to set up a new company in Hefei with 16 parties including Sugon, Hygon, CAS Satellite and Geovis TT&C, with registered capital of 1.5 billion yuan, to design, build and operate a space computing constellation, develop space-based information infrastructure, and provide space-based computing and intelligent application services. On the shareholding side, Geovis subscribes 200 million yuan and its subsidiary Geovis TT&C 50 million yuan, for a combined stake of about 16.67%; Sugon and Hygon subscribe 70 million yuan each; Hefei Industrial Investment's space computing fund subscribes 240 million yuan and is the largest single shareholder; eight state-owned funds from Hefei and Anhui Province together subscribe about 940 million yuan, more than 60%. The announcement notes that the new company has not yet been established, still needs business registration, and its operations require approval from national authorities. Why it matters: in-orbit computing in recent years has mostly been single or small batches of test satellites. This is the first time chips (Hygon), servers and liquid cooling (Sugon, Sugon DataEnergy), and remote sensing and TT&C (Geovis) have joined forces in a dedicated constellation company, aiming to turn domestic computing hardware into products that can fly and network in space. Local state capital holding the majority shows Hefei treats it as an industrial investment project, not just a research collaboration. ADA Space's Star Era satellites launched by Zhuque-2E Y4 on the 14th also focus on in-orbit computing, so several players are now racing in this direction. The announcement also lists risks: core technologies have not been verified at scale in orbit, the business model is unproven in the market, and infrastructure investment is large and long-term. Three things to watch: when registration and regulatory approval are completed, which rocket will launch the first test satellites and when, and how it will divide work or compete with computing constellations already in orbit.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-15T11:00:00Z",
      "source": "中科星图公告 / 海光信息公告（上海证券交易所）",
      "sourceEn": "Geovis announcement / Hygon announcement (Shanghai Stock Exchange)",
      "url": "http://dataclouds.cninfo.com.cn/shgonggao/hsomarket/2026/20261015/1e7e799d1fa545c3bcb54381d43b95f1.PDF",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-2c71242c1ffc7679.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "中科星图",
      "imageCreditEn": "Geovis"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-terranr-s2-hotfire-20261016",
      "title": "Terran R 二级首次整级热试车成功：在 NASA 斯坦尼斯 A2 台点火，这座土星五号时代的台架时隔近 56 年再次承担整级测试。",
      "titleEn": "Terran R second stage completes its first full-stage hot fire at NASA Stennis",
      "summary": "Relativity Space 官方 X 账号美国当地时间 16 日宣布，Terran R 二级在 NASA 斯坦尼斯航天中心完成首次整级热试车。A2 试验台建于 1960 年代，最初用于土星五号第二级（S-II）测试，后来改为航天飞机主发动机的单机试车台；上一次在这里进行土星五号整级试车是 1970 年 10 月 30 日。按 Relativity 9 月月报，二级此前已在 A2 台装上 Aeon V 发动机，完成测试就绪评审和首次湿彩排；一级的 13 台 Aeon R 发动机已全部装上推力结构。为什么重要：整级热试车把贮箱、增压、管路、发动机和控制软件放在一起按真实流程点火，是首飞前风险最集中的关口之一。二级过关后，进度的焦点转向一级 13 台发动机的整级测试和发射台建设。Terran R 是 Relativity 的可复用液氧甲烷火箭，公司尚未公布更新后的首飞日期。",
      "summaryEn": "Relativity Space announced on its official X account on the 16th (U.S. local time) that the Terran R second stage completed its first full-stage hot fire at NASA's Stennis Space Center. The A2 test stand was built in the 1960s for testing the Saturn V second stage (S-II) and was later converted into a single-engine stand for Space Shuttle main engines; the last full-stage Saturn V test there was on October 30, 1970. According to Relativity's September monthly update, the second stage had already been fitted with its Aeon V engine on the A2 stand and completed its test readiness review and first wet dress rehearsal; all 13 Aeon R engines for the first stage have been mounted on the thrust structure. Why it matters: a full-stage hot fire brings tanks, pressurization, plumbing, engines and control software together and fires them in a realistic sequence - one of the riskiest gates before a first flight. With the second stage through, the focus shifts to full-stage testing of the first stage's 13 engines and launch pad construction. Terran R is Relativity's reusable methalox rocket; the company has not announced an updated first-flight date.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-16T22:24:01Z",
      "source": "Relativity Space",
      "sourceEn": "Relativity Space",
      "url": "https://x.com/relativityspace/status/2111221655469252860",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/ext-4939b63c23c22102.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "相对论太空",
      "imageCreditEn": "Relativity Space"
    },
    {
      "id": "web-newglenn-florida-expand-20261016",
      "title": "蓝色起源加码佛罗里达：再建两座新格伦工位、扩产最多 150 台上级、增购两艘回收船，目标十年末每周多发。",
      "titleEn": "Blue Origin expands in Florida: two more New Glenn pads and two more recovery ships",
      "summary": "蓝色起源 10 月 16 日宣布继续扩大佛罗里达发射与制造设施：除卡纳维拉尔角 LC-36 正在重建的 A 工位与在建的 B 工位外，还将再增设两座新格伦发射工位，并按 LC-36B 的建设方式快速复制；同时在火箭园推进约 3.3 亿美元扩建，面向更大推力的 9×4 构型二级，目标 2027 年夏建成后年产最多 150 台上级。公司还将增购两艘一级回收船（现有一艘 Jacklyn），并与美国太空军合建客户集成设施，设四个载荷舱位以并行准备多任务。运营高级副总裁 Ian Richardson 称，这些投资旨在提高任务频率与可靠性，基础设施按十年末每周多次发射设计。蓝色起源称迄今在佛州设施投入约 30 亿美元，员工逾 5000 人、供应商标记约 500 家。新格伦今年 5 月因 BE-4 异常损失 LC-36A 后，公司正重建工位；Ars Technica 称年内复飞难度很大，更现实的节奏是 2027 年初前后。LC-36A 仍服务 7×2，LC-36B 面向 9×4（约 70 吨近地轨道运力），后者也是月球着陆器等重载任务的关键运力。",
      "summaryEn": "On October 16 Blue Origin announced a further expansion of its Florida launch and manufacturing facilities: besides Pad A at LC-36 at Cape Canaveral, now being rebuilt, and Pad B under construction, it will add two more New Glenn launch pads, quickly replicating the LC-36B design. It is also pushing ahead with a roughly $330 million expansion at Rocket Park for the higher-thrust 9×4 configuration's second stage, aiming to produce up to 150 upper stages a year once complete in summer 2027. The company will also buy two more first-stage recovery ships (it currently has one, Jacklyn) and build a customer integration facility with the U.S. Space Force, with four payload bays to prepare multiple missions in parallel. Ian Richardson, senior vice president of operations, said the investments aim to raise mission cadence and reliability, with infrastructure designed for multiple launches a week by the end of the decade. Blue Origin says it has invested about $3 billion in its Florida facilities to date, with more than 5,000 employees and about 500 suppliers. After losing LC-36A in a BE-4 anomaly in May, the company is rebuilding the pad; Ars Technica says a return to flight this year will be very difficult, and a more realistic schedule is around early 2027. LC-36A still serves the 7×2, while LC-36B is for the 9×4 (about 70 t to LEO), which is also key lift capacity for heavy missions such as lunar landers.",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-16T10:00:00Z",
      "source": "Blue Origin / Ars Technica",
      "sourceEn": "Blue Origin / Ars Technica",
      "url": "https://www.blueorigin.com/news/building-infrastructure-for-more-frequent-launches-in-florida",
      "imageURL": "https://orbit-feed.pages.dev/images/reuse-newglenn-v2.jpg",
      "imageCredit": "美国太空军",
      "imageCreditEn": "U.S. Space Force"
    }
  ]
}